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Mongodb快速入门之使用Java操作Mongodb
阅读量:5978 次
发布时间:2019-06-20

本文共 22499 字,大约阅读时间需要 74 分钟。

【IT168 专稿】在中,我们学习了Mongodb的安装和初步使用,在本文中,将学习如何使用Java去编程实现对Mongodb的操作。

  HelloWorld程序

  学习任何程序的第一步,都是编写HelloWorld程序,我们也不例外,看下如何通过Java编写一个HelloWorld的程序。

  首先,要通过Java操作Mongodb,必须先下载Mongodb的Java驱动程序,可以在。

  新建立一个Java工程,将下载的驱动程序放在库文件路径下,程序代码如下:

package
 com.mkyong.core;
import
 java.net.UnknownHostException;
import
 com.mongodb.BasicDBObject;
import
 com.mongodb.DB;
import
 com.mongodb.DBCollection;
import
 com.mongodb.DBCursor;
import
 com.mongodb.Mongo;
import
 com.mongodb.MongoException;
/**
* Java + MongoDB Hello world Example * 
*/
public
 
class
 App {     
public
 
static
 
void
 main(String[] args) {         
try
 {             
//
实例化Mongo对象,连接27017端口
            Mongo mongo 
=
 
new
 Mongo(
"
localhost
"
, 
27017
);                                
//
连接名为yourdb的数据库,假如数据库不存在的话,mongodb会自动建立
            DB db 
=
 mongo.getDB(
"
yourdb
"
);             
//
 Get collection from MongoDB, database named "yourDB"
//
从Mongodb中获得名为yourColleection的数据集合,如果该数据集合不存在,Mongodb会为其新建立
            DBCollection collection 
=
 db.getCollection(
"
yourCollection
"
);     
//
 使用BasicDBObject对象创建一个mongodb的document,并给予赋值。
            BasicDBObject document 
=
 
new
 BasicDBObject();             document.put(
"
id
"
, 
1001
);             document.put(
"
msg
"
, 
"
hello world mongoDB in Java
"
);             
//
将新建立的document保存到collection中去
            collection.insert(document);             
//
 创建要查询的document
            BasicDBObject searchQuery 
=
 
new
 BasicDBObject();             searchQuery.put(
"
id
"
, 
1001
);             
//
 使用collection的find方法查找document
            DBCursor cursor 
=
 collection.find(searchQuery);             
//
循环输出结果
            
while
 (cursor.hasNext()) {             System.out.println(cursor.next());             }             System.out.println(
"
Done
"
);          } 
catch
 (UnknownHostException e) {             e.printStackTrace();         } 
catch
 (MongoException e) {             e.printStackTrace();         }     } }

  最后,输出的结果为:

{
 
"
_id
"
 : {
 
"
$oid
"
 : 
"
4dbe5596dceace565d229dc3
"
} ,                  
"
id
"
 : 
1001
 , 
"
msg
"
 : 
"
hello world mongoDB in Java
"
} Done

 

  在上面的例子中,演示了使用Java对Mongodb操作的重要方法和步骤,首先通过创建Mongodb对象,传入构造函数的参数是Mongodb的数据库所在地址和端口,然后使用

  getDB方法获得要连接的数据库名,使用getCollection获得数据集合的名,然后通过新建立BasicDBObject对象去建立document,最后通过collection的insert方法,将建立的document保存到数据库中去。而collection的find方法,则是用来在数据库中查找document。

  从Mongodb中获得collection数据集

  在Mongodb中,可以通过如下方法获得数据库中的collection:

  DBCollection collection 
=
 db.getCollection(
"
yourCollection
"
);

  如果你不知道collection的名称,可以使用db.getCollectionNames()获得集合,然后再遍历,如下:

  DB db 
=
 mongo.getDB(
"
yourdb
"
);   Set collections 
=
 db.getCollectionNames();   
for
(String collectionName : collections){   System.out.println(collectionName);   }

  完成的一个例子如下:

package
 com.mkyong.core;
import
 java.net.UnknownHostException;
import
 java.util.Set;
import
 com.mongodb.DB;
import
 com.mongodb.DBCollection;
import
 com.mongodb.Mongo;
import
 com.mongodb.MongoException;
/**
* Java : Get collection from MongoDB * 
*/
public
 
class
 GetCollectionApp {
public
 
static
 
void
 main(String[] args) {
try
 { Mongo mongo 
=
 
new
 Mongo(
"
localhost
"
, 
27017
); DB db 
=
 mongo.getDB(
"
yourdb
"
); Set
<
String
>
 collections 
=
 db.getCollectionNames();
for
 (String collectionName : collections) { System.out.println(collectionName); } DBCollection collection 
=
 db.getCollection(
"
yourCollection
"
); System.out.println(collection.toString()); System.out.println(
"
Done
"
);
} 
catch
 (UnknownHostException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } 
catch
 (MongoException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }

  Mongodb中如何插入数据

  下面,讲解下如何使用4种方式,将JSON数据插入到Mongodb中去。首先我们准备JSON

  格式的数据,如下:

  {   
"
database
"
 : 
"
mkyongDB
"
,   
"
table
"
 : 
"
hosting
"
,   
"
detail
"
 :   {   records : 
99
,   index : 
"
vps_index1
"
,   active : 
"
true
"
  }   }   }

 

  我们希望用不同的方式,通过JAVA代码向Mongodb插入以上格式的JSON数据

  第一种方法,是使用BasicDBObject,方法如下代码所示:

BasicDBObject document 
=
 
new
 BasicDBObject(); document.put(
"
database
"
, 
"
mkyongDB
"
); document.put(
"
table
"
, 
"
hosting
"
); BasicDBObject documentDetail 
=
 
new
 BasicDBObject(); documentDetail.put(
"
records
"
, 
"
99
"
); documentDetail.put(
"
index
"
, 
"
vps_index1
"
); documentDetail.put(
"
active
"
, 
"
true
"
); document.put(
"
detail
"
, documentDetail); collection.insert(document);

  第二种方法是使用BasicDBObjectBuilder对象,如下代码所示:

  BasicDBObjectBuilder documentBuilder 
=
 BasicDBObjectBuilder.start()   .add(
"
database
"
, 
"
mkyongDB
"
)   .add(
"
table
"
, 
"
hosting
"
);   BasicDBObjectBuilder documentBuilderDetail 
=
 BasicDBObjectBuilder.start()   .add(
"
records
"
, 
"
99
"
)   .add(
"
index
"
, 
"
vps_index1
"
)   .add(
"
active
"
, 
"
true
"
);   documentBuilder.add(
"
detail
"
, documentBuilderDetail.get());   collection.insert(documentBuilder.get());

  第三种方法是使用Map对象,代码如下:

  Map documentMap 
=
new
 HashMap();   documentMap.put(
"
database
"
, 
"
mkyongDB
"
);   documentMap.put(
"
table
"
, 
"
hosting
"
);   Map documentMapDetail 
=
new
 HashMap();   documentMapDetail.put(
"
records
"
, 
"
99
"
);   documentMapDetail.put(
"
index
"
, 
"
vps_index1
"
);   documentMapDetail.put(
"
active
"
, 
"
true
"
);   documentMap.put(
"
detail
"
, documentMapDetail);   collection.insert(
new
 BasicDBObject(documentMap));

  第四种方法,也就是最简单的,即直接插入JSON格式数据

  String json 
=
"
{'database' : 'mkyongDB','table' : 'hosting',
"
+
  
"
'detail' : {'records' : 99, 'index' : 'vps_index1', 'active' : 'true'}}}
"
;   DBObject dbObject 
=
(DBObject)JSON.parse(json);   collection.insert(dbObject);

  这里使用了JSON的parse方法,将解析后的JSON字符串转变为DBObject对象后再直接插入到collection中去。

 

  完整的代码如下所示:

  packagecom.mkyong.core;   importjava.net.UnknownHostException;   importjava.util.HashMap;   importjava.util.Map;   importcom.mongodb.BasicDBObject;   importcom.mongodb.BasicDBObjectBuilder;   importcom.mongodb.DB;   importcom.mongodb.DBCollection;   importcom.mongodb.DBCursor;   importcom.mongodb.DBObject;   importcom.mongodb.Mongo;   importcom.mongodb.MongoException;   importcom.mongodb.util.JSON;   
/**
  * Java MongoDB : Insert a Document   *   
*/
  publicclass InsertDocumentApp {   publicstaticvoid main(String[] args){   
try
{   Mongo mongo 
=
new
 Mongo(
"
localhost
"
, 
27017
);   DB db 
=
 mongo.getDB(
"
yourdb
"
);   
//
 get a single collection
  DBCollection collection 
=
 db.getCollection(
"
dummyColl
"
);   
//
 BasicDBObject example
  System.out.println(
"
BasicDBObject example...
"
);   BasicDBObject document 
=
new
 BasicDBObject();   document.put(
"
database
"
, 
"
mkyongDB
"
);   document.put(
"
table
"
, 
"
hosting
"
);   BasicDBObject documentDetail 
=
new
 BasicDBObject();   documentDetail.put(
"
records
"
, 
"
99
"
);   documentDetail.put(
"
index
"
, 
"
vps_index1
"
);   documentDetail.put(
"
active
"
, 
"
true
"
);   document.put(
"
detail
"
, documentDetail);   collection.insert(document);   DBCursor cursorDoc 
=
 collection.find();   
while
(cursorDoc.hasNext()){   System.out.println(cursorDoc.next());   }   collection.remove(
new
 BasicDBObject());   
//
 BasicDBObjectBuilder example
  System.out.println(
"
BasicDBObjectBuilder example...
"
);   BasicDBObjectBuilder documentBuilder 
=
 BasicDBObjectBuilder.start()   .add(
"
database
"
, 
"
mkyongDB
"
)   .add(
"
table
"
, 
"
hosting
"
);   BasicDBObjectBuilder documentBuilderDetail 
=
 BasicDBObjectBuilder.start()   .add(
"
records
"
, 
"
99
"
)   .add(
"
index
"
, 
"
vps_index1
"
)   .add(
"
active
"
, 
"
true
"
);   documentBuilder.add(
"
detail
"
, documentBuilderDetail.get());   collection.insert(documentBuilder.get());   DBCursor cursorDocBuilder 
=
 collection.find();   
while
(cursorDocBuilder.hasNext()){   System.out.println(cursorDocBuilder.next());   }   collection.remove(
new
 BasicDBObject());   
//
 Map example
  System.out.println(
"
Map example...
"
);   Map documentMap 
=
new
 HashMap();   documentMap.put(
"
database
"
, 
"
mkyongDB
"
);   documentMap.put(
"
table
"
, 
"
hosting
"
);   Map documentMapDetail 
=
new
 HashMap();   documentMapDetail.put(
"
records
"
, 
"
99
"
);   documentMapDetail.put(
"
index
"
, 
"
vps_index1
"
);   documentMapDetail.put(
"
active
"
, 
"
true
"
);   documentMap.put(
"
detail
"
, documentMapDetail);   collection.insert(
new
 BasicDBObject(documentMap));   DBCursor cursorDocMap 
=
 collection.find();   
while
(cursorDocMap.hasNext()){   System.out.println(cursorDocMap.next());   }   collection.remove(
new
 BasicDBObject());   
//
 JSON parse example
  System.out.println(
"
JSON parse example...
"
);   String json 
=
"
{'database' : 'mkyongDB','table' : 'hosting',
"
+
  
"
'detail' : {'records' : 99, 'index' : 'vps_index1', 'active' : 'true'}}}
"
;   DBObject dbObject 
=
(DBObject)JSON.parse(json);   collection.insert(dbObject);   DBCursor cursorDocJSON 
=
 collection.find();   
while
(cursorDocJSON.hasNext()){   System.out.println(cursorDocJSON.next());   }   collection.remove(
new
 BasicDBObject());   }
catch
(UnknownHostException e){   e.printStackTrace();   }
catch
(MongoException e){   e.printStackTrace();   }   }   }

 

  更新Document

  假设如下的JSON格式的数据已经保存到Mongodb中去了,现在要更新相关的数据。

  {
"
_id
"
 : {
"
$oid
"
 : 
"
x
"
} , 
"
hosting
"
 : 
"
hostA
"
 , 
"
type
"
 : 
"
vps
"
 , 
"
clients
"
 : 
1000
}   {
"
_id
"
 : {
"
$oid
"
 : 
"
x
"
} , 
"
hosting
"
 : 
"
hostB
"
 , 
"
type
"
 : 
"
dedicated server
"
 , 
"
clients
"
 : 
100
}   {
"
_id
"
 : {
"
$oid
"
 : 
"
x
"
} , 
"
hosting
"
 : 
"
hostC
"
 , 
"
type
"
 : 
"
vps
"
 , 
"
clients
"
 : 
900
}

   假设现在要将hosting中值为hostB的进行更新,则可以使用如下的方法:

  BasicDBObject newDocument 
=
new
 BasicDBObject();   newDocument.put(
"
hosting
"
, 
"
hostB
"
);   newDocument.put(
"
type
"
, 
"
shared host
"
);   newDocument.put(
"
clients
"
, 
111
);   collection.update(
new
 BasicDBObject().append(
"
hosting
"
, 
"
hostB
"
), newDocument);

   可以看到,这里依然使用了BasicDBObject对象,并为其赋值了新的值后,然后使用collection的update方法,即可更新该对象。

  更新后的输出如下:

  {
"
_id
"
 : {
"
$oid
"
 : 
"
x
"
} , 
"
hosting
"
 : 
"
hostA
"
 , 
"
type
"
 : 
"
vps
"
 , 
"
clients
"
 : 
1000
}   {
"
_id
"
 : {
"
$oid
"
 : 
"
x
"
} , 
"
hosting
"
 : 
"
hostB
"
 , 
"
type
"
 : 
"
shared host
"
 , 
"
clients
"
 : 
111
}   {
"
_id
"
 : {
"
$oid
"
 : 
"
x
"
} , 
"
hosting
"
 : 
"
hostC
"
 , 
"
type
"
 : 
"
vps
"
 , 
"
clients
"
 : 
900
}

   另外,还可以使用mongodb中的$inc修饰符号去对某个值进行更新,比如,要将hosting值为hostB的document的clients的值得更新为199(即100+99=199),可以这样:

  BasicDBObject newDocument 
=
new
 BasicDBObject().append(
"
$inc
"
,   
new
 BasicDBObject().append(
"
clients
"
, 
99
));   collection.update(
new
 BasicDBObject().append(
"
hosting
"
, 
"
hostB
"
), newDocument);

   则输出如下:

  {
"
_id
"
 : {
"
$oid
"
 : 
"
x
"
} , 
"
hosting
"
 : 
"
hostA
"
 , 
"
type
"
 : 
"
vps
"
 , 
"
clients
"
 : 
1000
}   {
"
_id
"
 : {
"
$oid
"
 : 
"
x
"
} , 
"
hosting
"
 : 
"
hostB
"
 , 
"
type
"
 : 
"
dedicated server
"
 , 
"
clients
"
 : 
199
}   {
"
_id
"
 : {
"
$oid
"
 : 
"
x
"
} , 
"
hosting
"
 : 
"
hostC
"
 , 
"
type
"
 : 
"
vps
"
 , 
"
clients
"
 : 
900
}

   接下来,讲解$set修饰符的使用。比如要把hosting中值为hostA的document中的

  type的值进行修改,则可以如下实现:

  BasicDBObject newDocument3 
=
new
 BasicDBObject().append(
"
$set
"
,   
new
 BasicDBObject().append(
"
type
"
, 
"
dedicated server
"
));   collection.update(
new
 BasicDBObject().append(
"
hosting
"
, 
"
hostA
"
), newDocument3);

   则输出如下,把type的值从vps改为dedicated server:

  {
"
_id
"
 : {
"
$oid
"
 : 
"
x
"
} , 
"
hosting
"
 : 
"
hostB
"
 , 
"
type
"
 : 
"
dedicated server
"
 , 
"
clients
"
 : 
100
}   {
"
_id
"
 : {
"
$oid
"
 : 
"
x
"
} , 
"
hosting
"
 : 
"
hostC
"
 , 
"
type
"
 : 
"
vps
"
 , 
"
clients
"
 : 
900
}   {
"
_id
"
 : {
"
$oid
"
 : 
"
x
"
} , 
"
hosting
"
 : 
"
hostA
"
 , 
"
clients
"
 : 
1000
 , 
"
type
"
 : 
"
dedicated server
"
}

   要注意的是,如果不使用$set的修饰符,而只是如下代码:

  BasicDBObject newDocument3 
=
new
 BasicDBObject().append(
"
type
"
, 
"
dedicated server
"
);   collection.update(
new
 BasicDBObject().append(
"
hosting
"
, 
"
hostA
"
), newDocument3);

   则会将所有的三个document的type类型都改为dedicated server了,因此要使用$set以更新特定的document的特定的值。

  如果要更新多个document中相同的值,可以使用$multi,比如,要把所有vps为type的document,将它们的clients的值更新为888,可以如下实现:

  BasicDBObject updateQuery 
=
new
 BasicDBObject().append(
"
$set
"
,   
new
 BasicDBObject().append(
"
clients
"
, 
"
888
"
));   collection.update(
new
 BasicDBObject().append(
"
type
"
, 
"
vps
"
), updateQuery, 
false
, 
true
);
 

  输出如下:

  {
"
_id
"
 : {
"
$oid
"
 : 
"
x
"
} , 
"
hosting
"
 : 
"
hostA
"
 , 
"
clients
"
 : 
"
888
"
 , 
"
type
"
 : 
"
vps
"
}   {
"
_id
"
 : {
"
$oid
"
 : 
"
x
"
} , 
"
hosting
"
 : 
"
hostB
"
 , 
"
type
"
 : 
"
dedicated server
"
 , 
"
clients
"
 : 
100
}   {
"
_id
"
 : {
"
$oid
"
 : 
"
x
"
} , 
"
hosting
"
 : 
"
hostC
"
 , 
"
clients
"
 : 
"
888
"
 , 
"
type
"
 : 
"
vps
"
}

 

  最后,还是给出更新document的完整例子:

  
package
 com.liao;   
import
 java.net.UnknownHostException;   
import
 com.mongodb.BasicDBObject;   
import
 com.mongodb.DB;   
import
 com.mongodb.DBCollection;   
import
 com.mongodb.DBCursor;   
import
 com.mongodb.Mongo;   
import
 com.mongodb.MongoException;   publicclass UpdateDocumentApp {   publicstaticvoid printAllDocuments(DBCollection collection){   DBCursor cursor 
=
 collection.find();   
while
 (cursor.hasNext()) {   System.out.println(cursor.next());   }   }   publicstaticvoid removeAllDocuments(DBCollection collection){   collection.remove(
new
 BasicDBObject());   }   publicstaticvoid insertDummyDocuments(DBCollection collection){   BasicDBObject document 
=
 
new
 BasicDBObject();   document.put(
"
hosting
"
, 
"
hostA
"
);   document.put(
"
type
"
, 
"
vps
"
);   document.put(
"
clients
"
, 
1000
);   BasicDBObject document2 
=
 
new
 BasicDBObject();   document2.put(
"
hosting
"
, 
"
hostB
"
);   document2.put(
"
type
"
, 
"
dedicated server
"
);   document2.put(
"
clients
"
, 
100
);   BasicDBObject document3 
=
 
new
 BasicDBObject();   document3.put(
"
hosting
"
, 
"
hostC
"
);   document3.put(
"
type
"
, 
"
vps
"
);   document3.put(
"
clients
"
, 
900
);   collection.insert(document);   collection.insert(document2);   collection.insert(document3);   }   publicstaticvoid main(String[] args) {   
try
 {   Mongo mongo 
=
 
new
 Mongo(
"
localhost
"
, 
27017
);   DB db 
=
 mongo.getDB(
"
yourdb
"
);   DBCollection collection 
=
 db.getCollection(
"
dummyColl
"
);   System.out.println(
"
Testing 1...
"
);   insertDummyDocuments(collection);   
//
find hosting = hostB, and update it with new document
  BasicDBObject newDocument 
=
 
new
 BasicDBObject();   newDocument.put(
"
hosting
"
, 
"
hostB
"
);   newDocument.put(
"
type
"
, 
"
shared host
"
);   newDocument.put(
"
clients
"
, 
111
);   collection.update(
new
 BasicDBObject().append(
"
hosting
"
, 
"
hostB
"
), newDocument);   printAllDocuments(collection);   removeAllDocuments(collection);   System.out.println(
"
Testing 2...
"
);   insertDummyDocuments(collection);   BasicDBObject newDocument2 
=
 
new
 BasicDBObject().append(
"
$inc
"
,   
new
 BasicDBObject().append(
"
clients
"
, 
99
));   collection.update(
new
 BasicDBObject().append(
"
hosting
"
, 
"
hostB
"
), newDocument2);   printAllDocuments(collection);   removeAllDocuments(collection);   System.out.println(
"
Testing 3...
"
);   insertDummyDocuments(collection);   BasicDBObject newDocument3 
=
 
new
 BasicDBObject().append(
"
$set
"
,   
new
 BasicDBObject().append(
"
type
"
, 
"
dedicated server
"
));   collection.update(
new
 BasicDBObject().append(
"
hosting
"
, 
"
hostA
"
), newDocument3);   printAllDocuments(collection);   removeAllDocuments(collection);   System.out.println(
"
Testing 4...
"
);   insertDummyDocuments(collection);   BasicDBObject updateQuery 
=
 
new
 BasicDBObject().append(
"
$set
"
,   
new
 BasicDBObject().append(
"
clients
"
, 
"
888
"
));   collection.update(   
new
 BasicDBObject().append(
"
type
"
, 
"
vps
"
), updateQuery, 
false
, 
true
);   printAllDocuments(collection);   removeAllDocuments(collection);   System.out.println(
"
Done
"
);   } 
catch
 (UnknownHostException e) {   e.printStackTrace();   } 
catch
 (MongoException e) {   e.printStackTrace();   }   }   }

 

  查询Document

  下面学习如何查询document,先用下面的代码往数据库中插入1-10数字:

  
for
(
int
 i
=
1
; i 
<=
10
; i
++
){   collection.insert(
new
 BasicDBObject().append(
"
number
"
, i));
  }

   接下来,看下如下的例子:

  1) 获得数据库中的第一个document:

  DBObject doc 
=
 collection.findOne();   System.out.println(dbObject);

   输出为:

  {
"
_id
"
 : {
"
$oid
"
 : 
"
4dc7f7b7bd0fb9a86c6c80bd
"
} , 
"
number
"
 : 
1
}

   2)获得document的集合

  DBCursor cursor 
=
 collection.find();   
while
(cursor.hasNext()){   System.out.println(cursor.next());   }

   这里,使用collection.find()方法,获得当前数据库中所有的documents对象集合

  然后通过对DBCursor对象集合的遍历,即可输出当前所有documents。输出如下:

  {
"
_id
"
 : {
"
$oid
"
 : 
"
4dc7f7b7bd0fb9a86c6c80bd
"
} , 
"
number
"
 : 
1
}   
//
..........中间部分省略,为2到9的输出
  {
"
_id
"
 : {
"
$oid
"
 : 
"
4dc7f7b7bd0fb9a86c6c80c6
"
} , 
"
number
"
 : 
10
}

   3) 获取指定的document

  比如要获得number=5的document对象内容,可以使用collection的find方法即可,如下:

  BasicDBObject query 
=
new
 BasicDBObject();   query.put(
"
number
"
, 
5
);   DBCursor cursor 
=
 collection.find(query);   
while
(cursor.hasNext()){   System.out.println(cursor.next());   }

   即输出:

  {
"
_id
"
 : {
"
$oid
"
 : 
"
4dc7f7b7bd0fb9a86c6c80c1
"
} , 
"
number
"
 : 
5
}

   4) 使用in操作符号

  在mongodb中,也可以使用in操作符,比如要获得number=9和number=10的document对象,可以如下操作:

  BasicDBObject query 
=
new
 BasicDBObject();   List list 
=
new
 ArrayList();   list.add(
9
);   list.add(
10
);   query.put(
"
number
"
, 
new
 BasicDBObject(
"
$in
"
, list));   DBCursor cursor 
=
 collection.find(query);   
while
(cursor.hasNext()){   System.out.println(cursor.next());   }

   这里使用了一个List,并将list传入到BasicDBObject的构造函数中,并使用了in操作符号,输出如下:

  {
"
_id
"
 : {
"
$oid
"
 : 
"
4dc7f7b7bd0fb9a86c6c80c5
"
} , 
"
number
"
 : 
9
}   {
"
_id
"
 : {
"
$oid
"
 : 
"
4dc7f7b7bd0fb9a86c6c80c6
"
} , 
"
number
"
 : 
10
}

 

  5) 使用>,<等比较符号

  在mongodb中,也可以使用比如>,<等数量比较符号,比如要输出number>5的document集合,则使用“$gt”即可,同理,小于关系则使用$lt,例子如下:

  BasicDBObject query 
=
new
 BasicDBObject();   query.put(
"
number
"
, 
new
 BasicDBObject(
"
$gt
"
, 
5
));   DBCursor cursor 
=
 collection.find(query);   
while
(cursor.hasNext()){   System.out.println(cursor.next());   }

   输出如下:

  {
"
_id
"
 : {
"
$oid
"
 : 
"
4dc7f7b7bd0fb9a86c6c80c2
"
} , 
"
number
"
 : 
6
}   {
"
_id
"
 : {
"
$oid
"
 : 
"
4dc7f7b7bd0fb9a86c6c80c3
"
} , 
"
number
"
 : 
7
}   {
"
_id
"
 : {
"
$oid
"
 : 
"
4dc7f7b7bd0fb9a86c6c80c4
"
} , 
"
number
"
 : 
8
}   {
"
_id
"
 : {
"
$oid
"
 : 
"
4dc7f7b7bd0fb9a86c6c80c5
"
} , 
"
number
"
 : 
9
}   {
"
_id
"
 : {
"
$oid
"
 : 
"
4dc7f7b7bd0fb9a86c6c80c6
"
} , 
"
number
"
 : 
10
}   也可以多个比较符号一起使用,比如要输出number
>
5和number
<
8的document,则如下:   BasicDBObject query 
=
new
 BasicDBObject();   query.put(
"
number
"
, 
new
 BasicDBObject(
"
$gt
"
, 
5
).append(
"
$lt
"
, 
8
));   DBCursor cursor 
=
 collection.find(query);   
while
(cursor.hasNext()){   System.out.println(cursor.next());   }

   同样,如果是不等于的关系的话,可以使用$ne操作符,如下:

  BasicDBObject query5 
=
new
 BasicDBObject();   query5.put(
"
number
"
, 
new
 BasicDBObject(
"
$ne
"
, 
8
));   DBCursor cursor6 
=
 collection.find(query5);   
while
(cursor6.hasNext()){   System.out.println(cursor6.next());   }

   以上输出number=8之外的所有document。

  删除document

  下面我们学习如何删除document,依然以上面的已插入的1-10的documents集合为例说明:

  1) 删除第一个document

  DBObject doc 
=
 collection.findOne();   collection.remove(doc);

   2) 删除指定的document

  比如删除number=2的document,如下方法:

  BasicDBObject document 
=
new
 BasicDBObject();   document.put(
"
number
"
, 
2
);   collection.remove(document);

   要注意的是,如下的方法将只会删除number=3的document。

  BasicDBObject document 
=
new
 BasicDBObject();   document.put(
"
number
"
, 
2
);   document.put(
"
number
"
, 
3
);   collection.remove(document);

 

  3) 使用in 操作符号指定删除document

  下面的例子将同时删除number=4和number=5的document,使用的是in操作符

  BasicDBObject query2 
=
new
 BasicDBObject();   List list 
=
new
 ArrayList();   list.add(
4
);   list.add(
5
);   query2.put(
"
number
"
, 
new
 BasicDBObject(
"
$in
"
, list));   collection.remove(query2);

  4) 使用“$gt”删除大于某个值的document

  BasicDBObject query 
=
new
 BasicDBObject();   query.put(
"
number
"
, 
new
 BasicDBObject(
"
$gt
"
, 
9
));   collection.remove(query);

  以上会删除number=10的document。

  5) 删除所有的document

  DBCursor cursor 
=
 collection.find();   
while
(cursor.hasNext()){   collection.remove(cursor.next());   }

  保存图片到Mongodb

  下面将讲解如何使用Java MongoDB GridFS API去保存图片等二进制文件到Monodb,关于Java MongoDB GridFS API的详细论述,请参考http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/GridFS+Specification

  1)保存图片

  代码段如下:

  String newFileName 
=
"
mkyong-java-image
"
;   File imageFile 
=
newFile(
"
c:\\JavaWebHosting.png
"
);   GridFS gfsPhoto 
=
new
 GridFS(db, 
"
photo
"
);   GridFSInputFile gfsFile 
=
 gfsPhoto.createFile(imageFile);   gfsFile.setFilename(newFileName);   gfsFile.save();

  这里,将c盘下的JavaWebHosting.png保存到mongodb中去,并命名为mkyong-java-image。

  2) 读取图片信息

  代码段如下

  String newFileName 
=
"
mkyong-java-image
"
;   GridFS gfsPhoto 
=
new
 GridFS(db, 
"
photo
"
);   GridFSDBFile imageForOutput 
=
 gfsPhoto.findOne(newFileName);   System.out.println(imageForOutput);

  将会输出JSON格式的结果;

  {   
"
_id
"
 :   {   
"
$oid
"
 : 
"
4dc9511a14a7d017fee35746
"
  } ,   
"
chunkSize
"
 : 
262144
 ,   
"
length
"
 : 
22672
 ,   
"
md5
"
 : 
"
1462a6cfa27669af1d8d21c2d7dd1f8b
"
 ,   
"
filename
"
 : 
"
mkyong-java-image
"
 ,   
"
contentType
"
 : 
null
 ,   
"
uploadDate
"
 :   {   
"
$date
"
 : 
"
2011-05-10T14:52:10Z
"
  } ,   
"
aliases
"
 : 
null
  }

  可以看到,输出的是文件的属性相关信息。

 

  3) 输出已保存的所有图片

  下面代码段,输出所有保存在photo命名空间下的图片信息:

  GridFS gfsPhoto 
=
new
 GridFS(db, 
"
photo
"
);   DBCursor cursor 
=
 gfsPhoto.getFileList();   
while
(cursor.hasNext()){   System.out.println(cursor.next());   }

   4) 从数据库中读取一张图片并另存

  下面的代码段,从数据库中读取一张图片并另存为另外一张图片到磁盘中

  String newFileName 
=
"
mkyong-java-image
"
;   GridFS gfsPhoto 
=
new
 GridFS(db, 
"
photo
"
);   GridFSDBFile imageForOutput 
=
 gfsPhoto.findOne(newFileName);   imageForOutput.writeTo(
"
c:\\JavaWebHostingNew.png
"
);

   5) 删除图片

  String newFileName 
=
"
mkyong-java-image
"
;   GridFS gfsPhoto 
=
new
 GridFS(db, 
"
photo
"
);   gfsPhoto.remove(gfsPhoto.findOne(newFileName));

   如何将JSON数据格式转化为DBObject格式

  在mongodb中,可以使用com.mongodb.util.JSON类,将JSON格式的字符串转变为DBObject对象。MongoDB for JAVA驱动中提供了用于向数据库中存储普通对象的接口DBObject,当一个文档从MongoDB中取出时,它会自动把文档转换成DBObject接口类型,要将它实例化为需要的对象。比如:

  {   
'
name
'
 : 
'
mkyong
'
,   
'
age
'
 : 
30
  }

   这样的JSON格式字符串,转换方法为:

  DBObject dbObject 
=
(DBObject) JSON.parse(
"
{'name':'mkyong', 'age':30}
"
);

   完整的代码如下:

  packagecom.mkyong.core;   importjava.net.UnknownHostException;   importcom.mongodb.DB;   importcom.mongodb.DBCollection;   importcom.mongodb.DBCursor;   importcom.mongodb.DBObject;   importcom.mongodb.Mongo;   importcom.mongodb.MongoException;   importcom.mongodb.util.JSON;   
/**
  * Java MongoDB : Convert JSON data to DBObject   *   
*/
  publicclass App {   publicstaticvoid main(String[] args){   
try
{   Mongo mongo 
=
new
 Mongo(
"
localhost
"
, 
27017
);   DB db 
=
 mongo.getDB(
"
yourdb
"
);   DBCollection collection 
=
 db.getCollection(
"
dummyColl
"
);   DBObject dbObject 
=
(DBObject) JSON   .parse(
"
{'name':'mkyong', 'age':30}
"
);   collection.insert(dbObject);   DBCursor cursorDoc 
=
 collection.find();   
while
(cursorDoc.hasNext()){   System.out.println(cursorDoc.next());   }   System.out.println(
"
Done
"
);   }
catch
(UnknownHostException e){   e.printStackTrace();   }
catch
(MongoException e){   e.printStackTrace();   }   }   }

   则输出为:

  {
"
_id
"
 : {
"
$oid
"
 : 
"
4dc9ebb5237f275c2fe4959f
"
} , 
"
name
"
 : 
"
mkyong
"
 , 
"
age
"
 : 
30
}
  Done

  可以看到,将JSON格式的数据类型直接转换为mongodb中的文档类型并输出。

  小结:

  本文学习了如何使用Mongodb for JAVA驱动,对mongodb进行日常的数据库操作,比如增加,删除和修改,下一篇教程中,将指导学习Spring对mongodb的操作

转载地址:http://rwsox.baihongyu.com/

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